Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Copperbelt, Zambia

Oldest recorded age at locality: 1976
Youngest recorded age at locality: 470

mindat Locality ID: 31604
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-31604.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Copperbelt, Zambia": 73
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 54

Number of Child Localities: 9
Child Localities:
Chililabombwe
Chingola
Kalulushi
Kitwe
Luanshya
Lufwanyama
Masaiti
Mufulira
Ndola

Latitude: 12°46'18"S
Longitude: 28°7'34"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -12.771666666667,28.126111111111

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Allophane	Amphibole	Andalusite	Apatite	Baryte	Beryl	Brannerite	Brookite	Calcite	Chalcopyrite
Claringbullite	Clay	Clinozoisite	Cobaltite	Columbite	Copper	Corundum	Covellite	Diaspore	Digenite
Epidote	Feldspar	Fluorite	Garnet	Gypsum	Hydrotalcite	Malachite	Melonite	Mica	Molybdenite
Nickeline	None	Not in a structural group	Olivine	Pentlandite	Phenakite	Plancheite	Pyrite	Quartz	Rhodonite
Rocksalt	Rutile	Serpentine	Spinel	Talc	Tetrahedrite	Titanite	Tourmaline	Woodwardite	Zircon

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al As B Ba Be C Ca Cl Co Cu F Fe H K Mg Mn Mo Na Nb Ni O P Pb S Si Ta Te Ti U V Zn Zr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality:

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Allophane Amphibole Andalusite Apatite Baryte Beryl Brannerite Brookite Calcite Chalcopyrite
Claringbullite Clay Clinozoisite Cobaltite Columbite Copper Corundum Covellite Diaspore Digenite
Epidote Feldspar Fluorite Garnet Gypsum Hydrotalcite Malachite Melonite Mica Molybdenite
Nickeline None Not in a structural group Olivine Pentlandite Phenakite Plancheite Pyrite Quartz Rhodonite
Rocksalt Rutile Serpentine Spinel Talc Tetrahedrite Titanite Tourmaline Woodwardite Zircon

74 IMA Minerals at location:

Actinolite ()*	Albite ()*	Anhydrite ()*	Ankerite ()*	Azurite ()*
Baryte ()*	Bertrandite ()*	Beryl ()*	Bornite ()*	Brannerite ()*
Brookite ()*	Calcite ()*	Carrollite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*
Chrysoberyl ()*	Chrysocolla ()*	Chrysotile ()*	Claringbullite ()*	Cobaltite ()*
Cobaltpentlandite ()*	Coffinite ()*	Columbite-(Mn) ()*	Copper ()*	Cornetite ()*
Covellite ()*	Cuprite ()*	Digenite ()*	Dolomite ()*	Dravite ()*
Epidote ()*	Fluorapatite ()*	Fluorite ()*	Gahnite ()*	Galena ()*
Goethite ()*	Gypsum ()*	Hematite ()*	Heterogenite ()*	Libethenite ()*
Linnaeite ()*	Magnesite ()*	Magnetite ()*	Malachite ()*	Margarite ()*
Melonite ()*	Metatorbernite ()*	Microcline ()*	Molybdenite ()*	Muscovite ()*
Phenakite ()*	Phlogopite ()*	Plancheite ()*	Pseudomalachite ()*	Pyrite ()*
Pyromorphite ()*	Pyrrhotite ()*	Quartz ()*	Rhodonite ()*	Rutile ()*
Schorl ()*	Siderite ()*	Spessartine ()*	Spherocobaltite ()*	Talc ()*
Tantalite-(Mn) ()*	Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Titanite ()*	Torbernite ()*	Tremolite ()*
Uraninite ()*	Vanadinite ()*	Woodwardite ()*	Zircon ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Actinolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_4.5-2.5Fe²⁺_0.5-2.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	659.6	470	1	295016	3419
Albite ()*	Feldspar	Na(AlSi₃O₈)	900	470	3	295004,295016,295042	8803
Anhydrite ()*	Not in a structural group	Ca(SO₄)	900	900	1	295042	1588
Ankerite ()*	None	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂	659.6	470	1	295016	3092
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	900	900	4	294979,294987,294988,295042	5509
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	900	470	3	294987,295004,295016	11547
Bertrandite ()*	Not in a structural group	Be₄Si₂O₇(OH)₂	659.6	470	1	295016	606
Beryl ()*	Beryl	Be₃Al₂Si₆O₁₈	659.6	470	25	295014,295016,295017,295018,295019,295020,295021,295022,295023,295024,295025,295026,295027,295028,295029,295030,295031,295032,295033,295034,295035,295036,295037,295048,295050	4286
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	1976	470	9	294979,294985,294987,294992,294996,295004,295011,295012,295042	5516
Brannerite ()*	Brannerite	UTi₂O₆	656	503	2	295004,295005	248
Brookite ()*	Brookite	TiO₂	659.6	470	1	295016	700
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	1976	470	4	294985,294992,295004,295016	27770
Carrollite ()*	Spinel	CuCo₂S₄	900	503	8	294979,294987,294992,294996,295004,295005,295011,295042	154
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	1976	470	8	294979,294985,294987,294992,295004,295011,295012,295042	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	1976	503	10	294979,294985,294987,294992,294996,295004,295005,295011,295012,295042	27198
Chrysoberyl ()*	Olivine	BeAl₂O₄	659.6	470	1	295016	321
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O	1976	503	6	294979,294985,294987,294992,295005,295042	3531
Chrysotile ()*	Serpentine Clay	Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄	659.6	470	1	295016	951
Claringbullite ()*	Claringbullite	Cu²⁺₄FCl(OH)₆	900	900	1	294987	13
Cobaltite ()*	Cobaltite	CoAsS	900	900	1	295042	966
Cobaltpentlandite ()*	Pentlandite	Co₉S₈	900	900	1	294992	82
Coffinite ()*	Zircon	U(SiO₄)·nH₂O	656	503	2	295004,295005	566
Columbite-(Mn) ()*	Columbite	Mn²⁺Nb₂O₆	659.6	470	1	295016	289
Copper ()*	Copper	Cu	900	900	5	294979,294988,295012,295042,295046	3846
Cornetite ()*	None	Cu₃(PO₄)(OH)₃	900	900	1	295046	26
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	900	900	1	294979	4165
Cuprite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₂O	900	900	4	294979,294987,294988,295042	2970
Digenite ()*	Digenite	Cu_1.8S	900	470	2	294979,295004	1027
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	900	470	6	294979,294987,294992,295016,295027,295042	9895
Dravite ()*	Tourmaline	NaMg₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	659.6	470	1	295016	648
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	1976	470	2	294985,295016	8173
Fluorapatite ()*	Apatite	Ca₅(PO₄)₃F	659.6	470	1	295016	2740
Fluorite ()*	Fluorite	CaF₂	659.6	470	1	295016	9617
Gahnite ()*	Spinel	ZnAl₂O₄	659.6	470	1	295016	445
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	656	503	1	294996	24243
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	900	900	1	294979	7437
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	900	900	1	295042	6890
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	900	470	2	294979,295016	14640
Heterogenite ()*	None	Co³⁺O(OH)	1976	1952	2	294984,294985	111
Libethenite ()*	Andalusite	Cu₂(PO₄)(OH)	900	503	3	294987,295004,295005	234
Linnaeite ()*	Spinel	Co²⁺Co³⁺₂S₄	900	503	2	294992,294996	249
Magnesite ()*	Calcite	Mg(CO₃)	659.6	470	1	295016	1487
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	659.6	470	2	295016,295027	14899
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	1976	503	9	294979,294985,294987,294988,294992,295004,295005,295042,295046	12537
Margarite ()*	Mica Clay	CaAl₂Si₂Al₂O₁₀(OH)₂	659.6	470	1	295016	168
Melonite ()*	Melonite	NiTe₂	502	470	1	295004	207
Metatorbernite ()*	None	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·8H₂O	900	900	1	294983	443
Microcline ()*	Feldspar	K(AlSi₃O₈)	900	900	2	294979,294987	4924
Molybdenite ()*	Molybdenite	MoS₂	656	503	2	295004,295005	5800
Muscovite ()*	Mica Clay	KAl₂(Si₃Al)O₁₀(OH)₂	1976	470	5	294979,294985,294987,294996,295016	17380
Phenakite ()*	Phenakite	Be₂(SiO₄)	659.6	470	1	295016	326
Phlogopite ()*	Mica Clay	KMg₃(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₂	900	470	3	294987,295016,295027	2273
Plancheite ()*	Plancheite	Cu₈(Si₄O₁₁)₂(OH)₄·H₂O	900	900	1	294988	74
Pseudomalachite ()*	None	Cu₅(PO₄)₂(OH)₄	900	470	3	294987,295004,295046	369
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	1976	470	9	294979,294985,294987,294992,294996,295004,295012,295016,295042	39462
Pyromorphite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl	900	900	1	295012	1725
Pyrrhotite ()*	Nickeline	Fe₇S₈	900	900	2	294992,295012	9056
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	900	470	12	294979,294987,294992,294996,295004,295005,295012,295014,295016,295034,295035,295042	61156
Rhodonite ()*	Rhodonite	CaMn₃Mn(Si₅O₁₅)	900	900	1	295042	969
Rutile ()*	Rutile	TiO₂	900	470	5	294979,294987,295016,295042,295045	5614
Schorl ()*	Tourmaline	NaFe²⁺₃Al₆(Si₆O₁₈)(BO₃)₃(OH)₃(OH)	659.6	470	3	295016,295027,295034	2705
Siderite ()*	Calcite	Fe(CO₃)	659.6	470	1	295016	6417
Spessartine ()*	Garnet	Mn²⁺₃Al₂(SiO₄)₃	659.6	470	2	295016,295027	1214
Spherocobaltite ()*	None	Co(CO₃)	900	900	1	294979	52
Talc ()*	Clay Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	659.6	470	2	295016,295027	3337
Tantalite-(Mn) ()*	Columbite	Mn²⁺Ta₂O₆	659.6	470	1	295016	211
Tennantite-(Fe) ()*	Tetrahedrite	Cu₆(Cu₄Fe₂)As₄S₁₃	900	900	1	295042	1803
Titanite ()*	Titanite	CaTi(SiO₄)O	900	470	2	294979,295016	4899
Torbernite ()*	None	Cu(UO₂)₂(PO₄)₂·12H₂O	900	900	1	294987	1059
Tremolite ()*	Amphibole	Ca₂(Mg_5.0-4.5Fe²⁺_0.0-0.5)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂	659.6	470	2	295016,295027	2562
Uraninite ()*	Fluorite	UO₂	656	503	2	295004,295005	2718
Vanadinite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(VO₄)₃Cl	900	470	2	295004,295005	605
Woodwardite ()*	Woodwardite Hydrotalcite	(Cu_1-xAl_x)(SO₄)_x/2(OH)₂·nH₂O (x < 0.5, n < 3x/2)	900	900	1	294988	57
Zircon ()*	Zircon	Zr(SiO₄)	900	470	3	294979,295016,295042	5251

38 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID
Kristen002302	536	524.2	530.1±5.9	U-Pb	reworking of metal concentration		uraninite		Yes	Uraninite		U, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Se, S, Au, Pd	16667	Katanga Copper Crescent, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo	Katanga Copperbelt	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002303	656	656		U-Pb		high	uraninite		Yes	Uraninite		U, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Se, S, Au, Pd	16667	Katanga Copper Crescent, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo	Katanga Copperbelt	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002304	602	602		U-Pb		high	uraninite		Yes	Uraninite		U, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Se, S, Au, Pd	16667	Katanga Copper Crescent, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo	Katanga Copperbelt	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002305	542	542		U-Pb		high	uraninite		Yes	Uraninite		U, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Se, S, Au, Pd	16667	Katanga Copper Crescent, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo	Katanga Copperbelt	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002306	503	503		U-Pb		high	uraninite		Yes	Uraninite		U, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Se, S, Au, Pd	16667	Katanga Copper Crescent, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo	Katanga Copperbelt	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002301	659.6	645	652.3±7.3	U-Pb	U mineralization/ (re-)mobilization		uraninite		Yes	Uraninite		U, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Se, S, Au, Pd	16667	Katanga Copper Crescent, Haut-Katanga, DR Congo	Katanga Copperbelt	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
sedcu-00752	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	13949	Konkola Mine, Chililabombwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Konkola-Kirila Bombwe	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00756	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	4342	Chingola Mine, Chingola, Chingola, Copperbelt, Zambia	Chingola	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
PorphCu-00271	1976	1952	1964±12								Bornite, Calcite, Chalcocite, Chalcopyrite, Chrysocolla, Malachite, Pyrite	Cu	205764	Samba Mine, Kasompe, Chingola, Chingola, Copperbelt, Zambia	Samba	Singer et al. (2008)		USGSOFR2008_1155
sedcu-00759	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	228212	Mimbula, Chingola, Chingola, Copperbelt, Zambia	Mimbula	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00757	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	16144	Nchanga Mine, Chingola, Chingola, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nchanga	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00762	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	4343	Fitula Mine, Chingola, Copperbelt, Zambia	Fitula	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00761	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	9736	Chambishi Mine, Chambishi, Kalulushi, Copperbelt, Zambia	Chambishi	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00760	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	228213	Pitanda Mine, Chambishi, Kalulushi, Copperbelt, Zambia	Pitanda	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00763	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	228214	Pitanda South Mine, Chambishi, Kalulushi, Copperbelt, Zambia	Pitanda South	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00764	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	228215	Kasaria, Kalulushi, Copperbelt, Zambia	Kasaria	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00765	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	228217	Mwambashi, Kalulushi, Copperbelt, Zambia	Mwambashi	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00768	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	228216	Chibuluma, Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Chibuluma-Chibuluma West	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00770	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	228223	Chibuluma South Mine, Chibuluma, Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Chibuluma South	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00772	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	228255	Chifupu, Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Chifupu	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
Kristen002367	549	543	546±3	207Pb/235U			uraninite	RGM 3636		Uraninite			4349	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana Mine	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
sedcu-00766	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	4349	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Mindola-Nkana N-S	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
Kristen002310	502	470	486±16	U-Pb				RGM 3636				U, Co, Cu, Ni, Mo, Se, S, Au, Pd	4349	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana Mine	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002363	522	522	522	206Pb/238U			uraninite	RGM 3636		Uraninite			4349	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana Mine	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002364	549	549	549	206Pb/238U			uraninite	RGM 3636		Uraninite			4349	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana Mine	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002365	549	549	549	206Pb/238U			uraninite	RGM 3636		Uraninite			4349	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana Mine	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002368	553	547	550±3	207Pb/235U			uraninite	RGM 3636		Uraninite			4349	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana Mine	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
Kristen002366	529	525	527±2	207Pb/235U			uraninite	RGM 3636		Uraninite			4349	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana Mine	Decrée et al. (2011)	10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.003	OGR40_81
sedcu-00769	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	228256	Nkana North Limb, Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana North Limb	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00771	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	228257	Nkana South Limb, Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	Nkana South Limb	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00775	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	8552	Baluba Mine, Luanshya, Luanshya, Copperbelt, Zambia	Baluba (see Luanshya)	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00777	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	123105	Luanshya Mine (Roan Antelope Mine), Luanshya, Luanshya, Copperbelt, Zambia	Luanshya	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00776	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	228219	Muliashi Mine (Roan Extension Mine), Luanshya, Luanshya, Copperbelt, Zambia	Muliashi (see Luanshiya)	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00758	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	228210	Lubembe Mine, Mufulira, Mufulira, Copperbelt, Zambia	Lubembe	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00755	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	4345	Mufulira Mine, Mufulira, Mufulira, Copperbelt, Zambia	Mufulira	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00774	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	4346	Bwana M'Kubwa Mine (Bwana M'Kubina Mine), Ndola, Ndola, Copperbelt, Zambia	Bwana Mkubwa	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00773	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	228254	Itawa, Ndola, Ndola, Copperbelt, Zambia	Itawa	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107
sedcu-00767	900	900	U. Proterozoic									Cu	228222	Mwerkera, Ndola, Ndola, Copperbelt, Zambia	Mwerkera	Cox et al. (2003)		USGSOFR03_107

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R070595	Nkana Mine (Rokana Mine), Kitwe, Kitwe, Copperbelt, Zambia	https://rruff.info/R070595

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...