Mineral Evolution Database
Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.
Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org



The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.


Locality Name:
Oshikoto Region, Namibia

Oldest recorded age at locality: 600
Youngest recorded age at locality: 519

mindat Locality ID: 43980
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-43980.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Oshikoto Region, Namibia": 14
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 10

Number of Child Localities: 2
Child Localities:
Guinas
Tsumeb

Latitude: 19°19'8"S
Longitude: 17°42'18"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -19.318888888889,17.705
AThis mineral is Anthropogenic.
GThis mineral is directly dated.
BThis mineral is reported as having this age.
YThis mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
OThis mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
RThe age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
PThe age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au Ba Bi Br C Ca Cd Ce Cl Co Cr Cu F Fe Ga Ge H Hg I In K Mg Mn Mo Na Ni O P Pb S Sb Se Si Sn Sr Ti U V W Zn Zr 

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: 

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality: 
AcanthiteAdeliteAllargentumAllophaneAlluauditeAluniteAmphiboleAndalusiteAndyrobertsiteApatite
AragoniteArsenicArseniosideriteArsenopyriteArthuriteAtacamiteBaryteBetpakdaliteBournoniteBrackebuschite
BrochantiteBruciteCalciteCaledoniteCarminiteCeriteChalcanthiteChalcophylliteChalcopyriteChenevixite
ChloriteClayClinozoisiteColumbiteConnelliteCopperCoronaditeCorundumCovelliteCubanite
DescloiziteDevillineDiasporeDigeniteDomeykiteDufréniteDundasiteEllenbergeriteEnargiteEpidote
EttringiteFairfielditeFeldsparFleischeriteFluoriteFornaciteGarnetGermaniteGypsumHopeite
KaoliniteKoritnigiteKtenasiteLawsoniteLepidocrociteLinariteLindackeriteMagnetoplumbiteMalachiteMarcasite
MedenbachiteMeliliteMicaMilleriteMiniumMixiteMolybdeniteNadoriteNatrochalciteNone
Not in a structural groupOlivinePalygorskiteParahopeitePerovskitePharmacosideritePhenakitePhilipsburgitePlancheitePolybasite
PyritePyrochloreQuartzRocksaltRoseliteRutileScheeliteSerpentineSmectite-vermiculiteSmolyaninovite
SphaleriteSpinelStanniteStibniteSulphurTalcTarbuttiteTetrahedriteTitaniteTopaz
VivianiteWurtziteZircon

314 IMA Minerals at location:
Acanthite  (*)Adamite  (*)Agardite-(Ce)  (*)Åkermanite  (*)Alamosite  (*)
Albite  (*)Algodonite  (*)Almandine  (*)Anatase  (*)Andyrobertsite  (*)
Anglesite  (*)Anhydrite  (*)Ankerite  (*)Roselite-β  (*)Antimony  (*)
Aragonite  (*)Arsenbrackebuschite  (*)Arsendescloizite  (*)Arseniosiderite  (*)Arsenogoyazite  (*)
Arsenohopeite  (*)Arsenopyrite  (*)Arsentsumebite  (*)Arthurite  (*)Ashoverite  (*)
Atacamite  (*)Aurichalcite  (*)Austinite  (*)Azurite  (*)Baileychlore  (*)
Bartelkeite  (*)Baryte  (*)Bayldonite  (*)Beaverite-(Cu)  (*)Betekhtinite  (*)
Betpakdalite-CaCa  (*)Betpakdalite-CaMg  (*)Beudantite  (*)Biehlite  (*)Bornite  (*)
Bournonite  (*)Brianyoungite  (*)Briartite  (*)Brochantite  (*)Brucite  (*)
Brunogeierite  (*)Calcioandyrobertsite  (*)Calcite  (*)Caledonite  (*)Calvertite  (*)
Carminite  (*)Carrollite  (*)Cattiite  (*)Celestine  (*)Ceruleite  (*)
Cerussite  (*)Chalcanthite  (*)Chalcocite  (*)Chalcophanite  (*)Chalcophyllite  (*)
Chalcopyrite  (*)Chenevixite  (*)Chrysocolla  (*)Chudobaite  (*)Cinnabar  (*)
Claudetite  (*)Clinochlore  (*)Clinoclase  (*)Colusite  (*)Conichalcite  (*)
Connellite  (*)Copper  (*)Corkite  (*)Cornwallite  (*)Coronadite  (*)
Cotunnite  (*)Covellite  (*)Crandallite  (*)Cubanite  (*)Cuprite  (*)
Cupropearceite  (*)Cupropolybasite  (*)Davidlloydite  (*)Descloizite  (*)Devilline  (*)
Digenite  (*)Dioptase  (*)Djurleite  (*)Dolomite  (*)Domeykite  (*)
Dufrénite  (*)Duftite  (*)Dundasite  (*)Dyscrasite  (*)Dzhalindite  (*)
Ekatite  (*)Elyite  (*)Enargite  (*)Epidote  (*)Erikapohlite  (*)
Eugenite  (*)Eyselite  (*)Fahleite  (*)Famatinite  (*)Fayalite  (*)
Feinglosite  (*)Ferberite  (*)Ferrilotharmeyerite  (*)Fleischerite  (*)Fluorite  (*)
Fornacite  (*)Fraipontite  (*)Furutobeite  (*)Gahnite  (*)Gaitite  (*)
Galena  (*)Gallite  (*)Gallobeudantite  (*)Galloplumbogummite  (*)Gartrellite  (*)
Gebhardite  (*)Geminite  (*)Gerdtremmelite  (*)Germanite  (*)Germanocolusite  (*)
Glaucodot  (*)Goethite  (*)Gold  (*)Gordaite  (*)Graphite  (*)
Gratonite  (*)Greenockite  (*)Gypsum  (*)Hardystonite  (*)Hedyphane  (*)
Helmutwinklerite  (*)Hematite  (*)Hemimorphite  (*)Hermannroseite  (*)Heterogenite  (*)
Hidalgoite  (*)Hörnesite  (*)Hydrocerussite  (*)Hydroxylapatite  (*)Hydrozincite  (*)
Ianbruceite  (*)Ilmenite  (*)Itoite  (*)Jamesite  (*)Jamesonite  (*)
Jarosite  (*)Johillerite  (*)Kaolinite  (*)Karibibite  (*)Kasolite  (*)
Kegelite  (*)Keyite  (*)Kirschsteinite  (*)Koritnigite  (*)Köttigite  (*)
Krieselite  (*)Lammerite  (*)Langite  (*)Larsenite  (*)Lavendulan  (*)
Lead  (*)Leadhillite  (*)Legrandite  (*)Leightonite  (*)Leiteite  (*)
Lepidocrocite  (*)Linarite  (*)Linnaeite  (*)Litharge  (*)Ludjibaite  (*)
Ludlockite  (*)Lukrahnite  (*)Luzonite  (*)Macphersonite  (*)Maghemite  (*)
Magnesite  (*)Magnetite  (*)Maikainite  (*)Malachite  (*)Marcasite  (*)
Massicot  (*)Mathewrogersite  (*)Mawbyite  (*)Mawsonite  (*)Mcconnellite  (*)
Melanotekite  (*)Metacinnabar  (*)Metazeunerite  (*)Microcline  (*)Millerite  (*)
Mimetite  (*)Minium  (*)Minrecordite  (*)Mixite  (*)Molybdenite  (*)
Molybdofornacite  (*)Monticellite  (*)Montmorillonite  (*)Mottramite  (*)Muscovite  (*)
Nadorite  (*)Namuwite  (*)O'danielite  (*)Ojuelaite  (*)Olivenite  (*)
Orthoclase  (*)Orthoserpierite  (*)Otavite  (*)Otjisumeite  (*)Ovamboite  (*)
Palygorskite  (*)Paradamite  (*)Parnauite  (*)Perroudite  (*)Pharmacosiderite  (*)
Philipsbornite  (*)Philipsburgite  (*)Phlogopite  (*)Phosgenite  (*)Plancheite  (*)
Plattnerite  (*)Plumboferrite  (*)Plumbogummite  (*)Plumbojarosite  (*)Plumboselite  (*)
Plumbotsumite  (*)Posnjakite  (*)Powellite  (*)Prosopite  (*)Prosperite  (*)
Pseudomalachite  (*)Pyrite  (*)Pyrolusite  (*)Pyromorphite  (*)Quartz  (*)
Queitite  (*)Realgar  (*)Reinerite  (*)Renierite  (*)Rhodochrosite  (*)
Rosasite  (*)Roxbyite  (*)Rutile  (*)Schaurteite  (*)Scheelite  (*)
Schneiderhöhnite  (*)Schultenite  (*)Scorodite  (*)Scotlandite  (*)Segnitite  (*)
Seligmannite  (*)Serpierite  (*)Sewardite  (*)Shattuckite  (*)Siderite  (*)
Sidpietersite  (*)Silver  (*)Skorpionite  (*)Smithsonite  (*)Söhngeite  (*)
Spertiniite  (*)Sphalerite  (*)Spinel  (*)Stannite  (*)Stibiconite  (*)
Stibioclaudetite  (*)Stibnite  (*)Stolzite  (*)Stottite  (*)Stranskiite  (*)
Stromeyerite  (*)Sulphur  (*)Sulvanite  (*)Surite  (*)Susannite  (*)
Talc  (*)Talmessite  (*)Tangeite  (*)Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)Tenorite  (*)
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)Thaumasite  (*)Thometzekite  (*)Tilasite  (*)Titanite  (*)
Tremolite  (*)Tsumcorite  (*)Tsumebite  (*)Tsumgallite  (*)Tungstenite  (*)
Umangite  (*)Vanackerite  (*)Vanadinite  (*)Warikahnite  (*)Whitlockite  (*)
Wickmanite  (*)Wilhelmkleinite  (*)Willemite  (*)Witherite  (*)Wulfenite  (*)
Wurtzite  (*)Wüstite  (*)Yvonite  (*)Zharchikhite  (*)Zincgartrellite  (*)
Zincolivenite  (*)Zincrosasite  (*)Zincroselite  (*)Zircon  (*)
Mineral nameStructural GroupsIMA FormulaMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)# of Sublocalities containing mineralLOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids# of localities containing mineral
Acanthite  (*)AcanthiteAg2S5415191869192793
Adamite  (*)AndalusiteZn2(AsO4)(OH)541519186919254
Agardite-(Ce)  (*)MixiteCeCu2+6(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O54151918691943
Åkermanite  (*)MeliliteCa2MgSi2O760051918692050
Alamosite  (*)Not in a structural groupPbSiO354151918691917
Albite  (*)FeldsparNa(AlSi3O8)5415191869198803
Algodonite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu1-xAsx (x ≈ 0.15)60051918691741
Almandine  (*)GarnetFe2+3Al2(SiO4)35415191869192353
Anatase  (*)Not in a structural groupTiO25415191869192162
Andyrobertsite  (*)AndyrobertsiteKCdCu5(AsO4)4[As(OH)2O2]·2H2O5415191869191
Anglesite  (*)BarytePb(SO4)600519386909,86919,869202734
Anhydrite  (*)Not in a structural groupCa(SO4)5415191869191588
Ankerite  (*)NoneCa(Fe2+,Mg)(CO3)25415191869193092
Roselite-β  (*)FairfielditeCa2Co(AsO4)2·2H2O54151918691921
Antimony  (*)ArsenicSb541519186919363
Aragonite  (*)AragoniteCa(CO3)5415191869193250
Arsenbrackebuschite  (*)BrackebuschitePb2(Fe3+,Zn)(AsO4)2(OH,H2O)54151918691924
Arsendescloizite  (*)AdelitePbZn(AsO4)(OH)54151918691920
Arseniosiderite  (*)ArseniosideriteCa2Fe3+3O2(AsO4)3·3H2O541519186919194
Arsenogoyazite  (*)AluniteSrAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)654151918691921
Arsenohopeite  (*)HopeiteZn3(AsO4)2·4H2O5415191869191
Arsenopyrite  (*)ArsenopyriteFeAsS541519286917,869199052
Arsentsumebite  (*)BrackebuschitePb2Cu(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)54151918691937
Arthurite  (*)ArthuriteCuFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2·4H2O54151918691935
Ashoverite  (*)NoneZn(OH)25415191869196
Atacamite  (*)AtacamiteCu2Cl(OH)3541519186919544
Aurichalcite  (*)None(Zn,Cu)5(CO3)2(OH)6541519186919919
Austinite  (*)AdeliteCaZn(AsO4)(OH)600519286919,8692171
Azurite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu3(CO3)2(OH)2600519486909,86911,86919,869215509
Baileychlore  (*)Chlorite Clay(Zn,Fe2+,Al,Mg)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)854151918691916
Bartelkeite  (*)LawsonitePbFe2+Ge(Ge2O7)(OH)2·H2O5415191869191
Baryte  (*)BaryteBa(SO4)54151918691911547
Bayldonite  (*)NoneCu3PbO(AsO3OH)2(OH)2600519286919,86920172
Beaverite-(Cu)  (*)AlunitePb(Fe3+2Cu)(SO4)2(OH)6541519186919132
Betekhtinite  (*)None(Cu,Fe)21Pb2S1554151918691945
Betpakdalite-CaCa  (*)Betpakdalite[Ca2(H2O)17Ca(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)]54151918691915
Betpakdalite-CaMg  (*)Betpakdalite[Ca2(H2O)17Mg(H2O)6][Mo6+8As5+2Fe3+3O36(OH)]5415191869193
Beudantite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6541519186919413
Biehlite  (*)NoneSb3+2MoO65415191869191
Bornite  (*)NoneCu5FeS4600519486911,86919,86920,869215516
Bournonite  (*)BournoniteCuPbSbS35415191869191089
Brianyoungite  (*)NoneZn3(CO3)(OH)454151918691979
Briartite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2FeGeS454151918691912
Brochantite  (*)BrochantiteCu4(SO4)(OH)6541519286915,869191633
Brucite  (*)BruciteMg(OH)2541519186919462
Brunogeierite  (*)SpinelFe2+2Ge4+O454151918691912
Calcioandyrobertsite  (*)AndyrobertsiteKCaCu5(AsO4)4[As(OH)2O2]·2H2O5415191869194
Calcite  (*)CalciteCa(CO3)600519586915,86917,86918,86919,8692127770
Caledonite  (*)CaledoniteCu2Pb5(SO4)3(CO3)(OH)6541519186919359
Calvertite  (*)NoneCu5Ge0.5S45415191869191
Carminite  (*)CarminitePbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2541519186919178
Carrollite  (*)SpinelCuCo2S4541519186919154
Cattiite  (*)NoneMg3(PO4)2·22H2O6005191869178
Celestine  (*)BaryteSr(SO4)5415191869191252
Ceruleite  (*)NoneCuAl4(AsO4)2(OH)8(H2O)460051918691719
Cerussite  (*)AragonitePb(CO3)600519486909,86910,86919,869214979
Chalcanthite  (*)ChalcanthiteCu(SO4)·5H2O541519186919925
Chalcocite  (*)NoneCu2S600519586909,86911,86915,86919,869215707
Chalcophanite  (*)NoneZnMn4+3O7·3H2O541519186919197
Chalcophyllite  (*)ChalcophylliteCu18Al2(AsO4)4(SO4)3(OH)24·36H2O541519186919194
Chalcopyrite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuFeS2600519486911,86915,86919,8692127198
Chenevixite  (*)ChenevixiteCuFe3+(AsO4)(OH)254151918691990
Chrysocolla  (*)Allophane(Cu2-xAlx)H2-xSi2O5(OH)4·nH2O5415191869193531
Chudobaite  (*)LindackeriteMg5(AsO4)2(AsO3OH)2·10H2O5415191869192
Cinnabar  (*)NoneHgS5415191869192600
Claudetite  (*)NoneAs2O354151918691935
Clinochlore  (*)Chlorite ClayMg5Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)85415191869191756
Clinoclase  (*)NoneCu3(AsO4)(OH)3541519186919127
Colusite  (*)Sphalerite GermaniteCu13VAs3S16541519186919110
Conichalcite  (*)AdeliteCaCu(AsO4)(OH)541519186919363
Connellite  (*)ConnelliteCu36(SO4)(OH)62Cl8·6H2O541519186919295
Copper  (*)CopperCu600519486911,86919,86920,869213846
Corkite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(SO4)(PO4)(OH)6541519186919151
Cornwallite  (*)NoneCu5(AsO4)2(OH)4541519186919175
Coronadite  (*)CoronaditePb(Mn4+6Mn3+2)O16541519186919227
Cotunnite  (*)NonePbCl254151918691954
Covellite  (*)CovelliteCuS541519386911,86915,869194165
Crandallite  (*)AluniteCaAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6600519186917310
Cubanite  (*)Cubanite WurtziteCuFe2S3541519186919802
Cuprite  (*)Not in a structural groupCu2O600519386911,86919,869212970
Cupropearceite  (*)Polybasite[Cu6As2S7][Ag9CuS4]5415191869197
Cupropolybasite  (*)Polybasite[Cu6Sb2S7][Ag9CuS4]5415191869197
Davidlloydite  (*)ParahopeiteZn3(AsO4)2·4H2O5415191869191
Descloizite  (*)DescloizitePbZn(VO4)(OH)600519786909,86913,86915,86916,86918,86919,86921378
Devilline  (*)DevillineCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O541519186919366
Digenite  (*)DigeniteCu1.8S600519286919,869201027
Dioptase  (*)NoneCuSiO3·H2O600519286919,86921164
Djurleite  (*)NoneCu31S16541519186919300
Dolomite  (*)NoneCaMg(CO3)2600519386918,86919,869219895
Domeykite  (*)DomeykiteCu3As60051918692073
Dufrénite  (*)DufréniteCa0.5Fe2+Fe3+5(PO4)4(OH)6·2H2O541519186919139
Duftite  (*)AdelitePbCu(AsO4)(OH)541519186919220
Dundasite  (*)DundasitePbAl2(CO3)2(OH)4·H2O54151918691997
Dyscrasite  (*)AllargentumAg3+xSb1-x (x ≈ 0.2)541519186919180
Dzhalindite  (*)PerovskiteIn(OH)354151918691916
Ekatite  (*)Ellenbergerite(Fe3+,Fe2+,Zn)12(AsO3)6(AsO3,SiO3OH)2(OH)65415191869191
Elyite  (*)NoneCuPb4(SO4)O2(OH)4·H2O54151918691985
Enargite  (*)Enargite WurtziteCu3AsS4541519186919910
Epidote  (*)Epidote ClinozoisiteCa2(Al2Fe3+)[Si2O7][SiO4]O(OH)5415191869198173
Erikapohlite  (*)Alluaudite(   0.5Cu0.5)CuCaZn2(AsO4)3·H2O5415191869191
Eugenite  (*)NoneAg11Hg254151918691917
Eyselite  (*)NoneFe3+Ge4+3O7(OH)5415191869191
Fahleite  (*)SmolyaninoviteCaZn5Fe3+2(AsO4)6·14H2O5415191869191
Famatinite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu3SbS4541519186919163
Fayalite  (*)OlivineFe2+2(SiO4)600519186920371
Feinglosite  (*)BrackebuschitePb2Zn(AsO4)2·H2O5415191869192
Ferberite  (*)ColumbiteFe2+(WO4)541519186919551
Ferrilotharmeyerite  (*)NatrochalciteCaZnFe3+(AsO4)2(OH)·H2O5415191869197
Fleischerite  (*)FleischeritePb3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O5415191869192
Fluorite  (*)FluoriteCaF25415191869199617
Fornacite  (*)FornaciteCuPb2(CrO4)(AsO4)(OH)54151918691985
Fraipontite  (*)Clay Serpentine(Zn,Al)3(Si,Al)2O5(OH)454151918691949
Furutobeite  (*)None(Cu,Ag)6PbS45415191869197
Gahnite  (*)SpinelZnAl2O4600519186920445
Gaitite  (*)FairfielditeCa2Zn(AsO4)2·2H2O5415191869197
Galena  (*)RocksaltPbS600519686909,86910,86915,86919,86920,8692124243
Gallite  (*)ChalcopyriteCuGaS25415191869197
Gallobeudantite  (*)AlunitePbGa3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)65415191869191
Galloplumbogummite  (*)NonePb(Ga,Al,Ge)3(PO4)2(OH)65415191869191
Gartrellite  (*)NonePbCuFe3+(AsO4)2(OH)·H2O54151918691941
Gebhardite  (*)NonePb8As3+4O11Cl65415191869191
Geminite  (*)NoneCu2+(AsO3OH)·H2O5415191869199
Gerdtremmelite  (*)NoneZnAl2(AsO4)(OH)55415191869191
Germanite  (*)Germanite SphaleriteCu13Fe2Ge2S16600519286919,8692133
Germanocolusite  (*)Germanite SphaleriteCu13VGe3S165415191869195
Glaucodot  (*)Arsenopyrite(Co0.5Fe0.5)AsS541519186919131
Goethite  (*)DiasporeFeO(OH)5415191869197437
Gold  (*)CopperAu54151918691930554
Gordaite  (*)KtenasiteNaZn4(SO4)(OH)6Cl·6H2O54151918691917
Graphite  (*)NoneC5415191869192812
Gratonite  (*)NonePb9As4S1554151918691924
Greenockite  (*)WurtziteCdS541519186919717
Gypsum  (*)GypsumCa(SO4)·2H2O600519286919,869206890
Hardystonite  (*)MeliliteCa2ZnSi2O760051918692014
Hedyphane  (*)ApatiteCa2Pb3(AsO4)3Cl54151918691948
Helmutwinklerite  (*)NonePbZn2(AsO4)2·2H2O5415191869192
Hematite  (*)CorundumFe2O354151918691914640
Hemimorphite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O5415191869191689
Hermannroseite  (*)AdeliteCaCu(PO4)(OH)5415191869191
Heterogenite  (*)NoneCo3+O(OH)541519186919111
Hidalgoite  (*)AlunitePbAl3(SO4)(AsO4)(OH)654151918691957
Hörnesite  (*)VivianiteMg3(AsO4)2·8H2O541519186919103
Hydrocerussite  (*)NonePb3(CO3)2(OH)2600519286919,86920201
Hydroxylapatite  (*)ApatiteCa5(PO4)3OH541519186919367
Hydrozincite  (*)NoneZn5(CO3)2(OH)65415191869191066
Ianbruceite  (*)Not in a structural groupZn2(AsO4)(OH)(H2O)·2H2O5415191869196
Ilmenite  (*)CorundumFe2+Ti4+O35415191869195433
Itoite  (*)NonePb3GeO2(SO4)2(OH)25415191869191
Jamesite  (*)NonePb2ZnFe3+2(Fe3+,Zn)4(AsO4)4(OH)8(OH,O)25415191869194
Jamesonite  (*)NonePb4FeSb6S14541519186919784
Jarosite  (*)AluniteKFe3+3(SO4)2(OH)65415191869192228
Johillerite  (*)AlluauditeNaCuMgMg2(AsO4)35415191869194
Kaolinite  (*)Clay KaoliniteAl2Si2O5(OH)45415191869195591
Karibibite  (*)NoneFe3+3(As3+O2)4(As3+2O5)(OH)54151918691919
Kasolite  (*)NonePb(UO2)(SiO4)·H2O541519186919198
Kegelite  (*)NonePb4Al2Si4O10(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)45415191869194
Keyite  (*)Alluaudite(   0.5Cu0.5)CuCdZn2(AsO4)3·H2O5415191869192
Kirschsteinite  (*)OlivineCaFe2+(SiO4)60051918692033
Koritnigite  (*)KoritnigiteZn(AsO3OH)·H2O5415191869198
Köttigite  (*)VivianiteZn3(AsO4)2·8H2O54151918691960
Krieselite  (*)TopazAl2(GeO4)F25415191869191
Lammerite  (*)NoneCu3(AsO4)2600519286919,8692010
Langite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·2H2O541519186919593
Larsenite  (*)NoneZnPb(SiO4)5415191869196
Lavendulan  (*)NoneNaCaCu5(AsO4)4Cl·5H2O600519286919,86920149
Lead  (*)CopperPb600519186920192
Leadhillite  (*)NonePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)2541519186919265
Legrandite  (*)NoneZn2(AsO4)(OH)·H2O54151918691920
Leightonite  (*)NoneK2Ca2Cu(SO4)4·2H2O5415191869199
Leiteite  (*)NoneZnAs3+2O45415191869192
Lepidocrocite  (*)LepidocrociteFe3+O(OH)541519186919581
Linarite  (*)LinariteCuPb(SO4)(OH)2541519286915,86919987
Linnaeite  (*)SpinelCo2+Co3+2S4541519186919249
Litharge  (*)NonePbO600519186920139
Ludjibaite  (*)MedenbachiteCu5(PO4)2(OH)418691512
Ludlockite  (*)NonePbFe3+4As3+10O2254151918691915
Lukrahnite  (*)NoneCaCuFe3+(AsO4)2(OH,H2O)25415191869194
Luzonite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu3AsS4541519186919198
Macphersonite  (*)NonePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)254151918691911
Maghemite  (*)Spinel(Fe3+0.67   0.33)Fe3+2O4541519186919229
Magnesite  (*)CalciteMg(CO3)5415191869191487
Magnetite  (*)SpinelFe2+Fe3+2O4600519286919,8692014899
Maikainite  (*)Germanite SphaleriteCu10Fe3MoGe3S165415191869192
Malachite  (*)MalachiteCu2(CO3)(OH)2600519586909,86911,86919,86920,8692112537
Marcasite  (*)MarcasiteFeS25415191869195674
Massicot  (*)NonePbO541519286909,86919202
Mathewrogersite  (*)NonePb7FeAl3GeSi12O36(OH,H2O)65415191869191
Mawbyite  (*)NatrochalcitePbFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)254151918691919
Mawsonite  (*)NoneCu6Fe2SnS854151918691992
Mcconnellite  (*)NoneCu1+CrO26005191869202
Melanotekite  (*)NonePb2Fe3+2O2(Si2O7)54151918691922
Metacinnabar  (*)SphaleriteHgS541519186919255
Metazeunerite  (*)NoneCu(UO2)2(AsO4)2·8H2O541519186919182
Microcline  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)5415191869194924
Millerite  (*)MilleriteNiS5415191869191066
Mimetite  (*)ApatitePb5(AsO4)3Cl5415191869191107
Minium  (*)MiniumPb2+2Pb4+O4541519186919247
Minrecordite  (*)NoneCaZn(CO3)25415191869198
Mixite  (*)MixiteCu6Bi(AsO4)3(OH)6·3H2O541519186919168
Molybdenite  (*)MolybdeniteMoS25415191869195800
Molybdofornacite  (*)FornaciteCuPb2(MoO4)(AsO4)(OH)54151918691917
Monticellite  (*)OlivineCaMg(SiO4)600519186920153
Montmorillonite  (*)Clay Smectite-vermiculite(Na,Ca)0.3(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O5415191869191508
Mottramite  (*)DescloizitePbCu(VO4)(OH)600519686909,86915,86916,86918,86919,86921362
Muscovite  (*)Mica ClayKAl2(Si3Al)O10(OH)254151918691917380
Nadorite  (*)NadoritePbSb3+O2Cl54151918691918
Namuwite  (*)KtenasiteZn4(SO4)(OH)6·4H2O54151918691958
O'danielite  (*)AlluauditeNa   ZnZn2(AsO4)[AsO3(OH)]25415191869191
Ojuelaite  (*)ArthuriteZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)2·4H2O5415191869197
Olivenite  (*)AndalusiteCu2(AsO4)(OH)600519286919,86920492
Orthoclase  (*)FeldsparK(AlSi3O8)5415191869192349
Orthoserpierite  (*)NoneCaCu4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O54151918691940
Otavite  (*)CalciteCd(CO3)54151918691925
Otjisumeite  (*)NonePbGe4O95415191869191
Ovamboite  (*)Germanite SphaleriteCu10Fe3WGe3S165415191869191
Palygorskite  (*)Palygorskite Clay(Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4H2O541519186919306
Paradamite  (*)TarbuttiteZn2(AsO4)(OH)5415191869196
Parnauite  (*)NoneCu9(AsO4)2(SO4)(OH)10·7H2O541519186919105
Perroudite  (*)NoneAg4Hg5S5(I,Br)2Cl254151918691923
Pharmacosiderite  (*)PharmacosideriteKFe3+4(AsO4)3(OH)4·6-7H2O541519186919428
Philipsbornite  (*)AlunitePbAl3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)654151918691951
Philipsburgite  (*)PhilipsburgiteCu5Zn(AsO4)(PO4)(OH)6·H2O54151918691931
Phlogopite  (*)Mica ClayKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)25415191869192273
Phosgenite  (*)NonePb2(CO3)Cl2541519186919142
Plancheite  (*)PlancheiteCu8(Si4O11)2(OH)4·H2O54151918691974
Plattnerite  (*)RutilePbO2541519186919158
Plumboferrite  (*)MagnetoplumbitePb[Fe3+10.67Mn2+0.33Pb]O18.331869097
Plumbogummite  (*)AlunitePbAl3(PO4)(PO3OH)(OH)6541519186919170
Plumbojarosite  (*)AlunitePb0.5Fe3+3(SO4)2(OH)6541519186919477
Plumboselite  (*)Not in a structural groupPb3O2(SeO3)5415191869191
Plumbotsumite  (*)NonePb5Si4O8(OH)105415191869196
Posnjakite  (*)NoneCu4(SO4)(OH)6·H2O541519186919309
Powellite  (*)ScheeliteCa(MoO4)541519186919494
Prosopite  (*)NoneCaAl2F4(OH)454151918691939
Prosperite  (*)NoneCa2Zn4(AsO4)4·H2O5415191869191
Pseudomalachite  (*)NoneCu5(PO4)2(OH)4541519186919369
Pyrite  (*)PyriteFeS2541519386911,86915,8691939462
Pyrolusite  (*)RutileMnO25415191869193106
Pyromorphite  (*)ApatitePb5(PO4)3Cl5415191869191725
Quartz  (*)QuartzSiO254151918691961156
Queitite  (*)NoneZn2Pb4(Si2O7)(SiO4)(SO4)5415191869197
Realgar  (*)NoneAsS541519186919712
Reinerite  (*)NoneZn3(AsO3)25415191869193
Renierite  (*)Sphalerite Germanite(Cu1+,Zn)11Fe4(Ge4+,As5+)2S16541519286917,8691937
Rhodochrosite  (*)CalciteMn(CO3)5415191869191711
Rosasite  (*)MalachiteCuZn(CO3)(OH)2600519286919,86921454
Roxbyite  (*)NoneCu9S554151918691927
Rutile  (*)RutileTiO25415191869195614
Schaurteite  (*)FleischeriteCa3Ge(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O5415191869191
Scheelite  (*)ScheeliteCa(WO4)5415191869194894
Schneiderhöhnite  (*)NoneFe2+Fe3+3As3+5O1354151918691915
Schultenite  (*)NonePb(AsO3OH)54151918691930
Scorodite  (*)NoneFe3+(AsO4)·2H2O5415191869191153
Scotlandite  (*)NonePb(S4+O3)54151918691925
Segnitite  (*)AlunitePbFe3+3(AsO4)(AsO3OH)(OH)6541519186919134
Seligmannite  (*)BournoniteCuPbAsS354151918691964
Serpierite  (*)DevillineCa(Cu,Zn)4(SO4)2(OH)6·3H2O541519186919292
Sewardite  (*)CarminiteCaFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)25415191869195
Shattuckite  (*)NoneCu5(SiO3)4(OH)254151918691971
Siderite  (*)CalciteFe(CO3)5415191869196417
Sidpietersite  (*)NonePb2+4(S2O3)O2(OH)25415191869193
Silver  (*)CopperAg5415191869195186
Skorpionite  (*)NoneCa3Zn2(PO4)2(CO3)(OH)2·H2O5415191869192
Smithsonite  (*)CalciteZn(CO3)5415192869192473
Söhngeite  (*)PerovskiteGa(OH)35415191869191
Spertiniite  (*)NoneCu(OH)254151918691917
Sphalerite  (*)SphaleriteZnS541519286909,8691921482
Spinel  (*)SpinelMgAl2O46005191869201934
Stannite  (*)Stannite SphaleriteCu2FeSnS4541519186919668
Stibiconite  (*)PyrochloreSb3+Sb5+2O6(OH)541519186919446
Stibioclaudetite  (*)NoneAsSbO35415191869194
Stibnite  (*)StibniteSb2S35415191869193418
Stolzite  (*)ScheelitePb(WO4)541519186919156
Stottite  (*)PerovskiteFe2+Ge(OH)65415191869191
Stranskiite  (*)NoneCuZn2(AsO4)25415191869195
Stromeyerite  (*)NoneCuAgS541519186919332
Sulphur  (*)SulphurS5415191869192045
Sulvanite  (*)NoneCu3VS454151918691948
Surite  (*)None(Pb,Ca)3Al2(Si,Al)4O10(CO3)2(OH)3·0.3H2O5415191869194
Susannite  (*)NonePb4(SO4)(CO3)2(OH)254151918691999
Talc  (*)Clay TalcMg3Si4O10(OH)25415191869193337
Talmessite  (*)FairfielditeCa2Mg(AsO4)2·2H2O54151918691946
Tangeite  (*)AdeliteCaCu(VO4)(OH)54151918691960
Tennantite-(Fe)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Fe2)As4S13600519386915,86919,869211803
Tenorite  (*)NoneCuO5415191869191101
Tetrahedrite-(Zn)  (*)TetrahedriteCu6(Cu4Zn2)Sb4S131869105317
Thaumasite  (*)EttringiteCa3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)·12H2O541519186919183
Thometzekite  (*)NatrochalcitePbCu2+2(AsO4)2·2H2O54151918691910
Tilasite  (*)TitaniteCaMg(AsO4)F54151918691934
Titanite  (*)TitaniteCaTi(SiO4)O5415191869194899
Tremolite  (*)Amphibole   Ca2(Mg5.0-4.5Fe2+0.0-0.5)Si8O22(OH)25415191869192562
Tsumcorite  (*)NatrochalcitePbZn2(AsO4)2·2H2O54151918691929
Tsumebite  (*)BrackebuschitePb2Cu(PO4)(SO4)(OH)54151918691932
Tsumgallite  (*)DiasporeGaO(OH)5415191869191
Tungstenite  (*)MolybdeniteWS254151918691928
Umangite  (*)NoneCu3Se254151918691971
Vanackerite  (*)ApatitePb4Cd(AsO4)3Cl5415191869191
Vanadinite  (*)ApatitePb5(VO4)3Cl541519186919605
Warikahnite  (*)NoneZn3(AsO4)2·2H2O5415191869193
Whitlockite  (*)CeriteCa9Mg(PO3OH)(PO4)6541519186919104
Wickmanite  (*)PerovskiteMn2+Sn4+(OH)660051918691724
Wilhelmkleinite  (*)NoneZnFe3+2(AsO4)2(OH)25415191869191
Willemite  (*)PhenakiteZn2SiO4541519186919303
Witherite  (*)AragoniteBa(CO3)541519186919251
Wulfenite  (*)ScheelitePbMoO4541519286917,869191655
Wurtzite  (*)WurtziteZnS600519286919,86920372
Wüstite  (*)RocksaltFeO60051918692074
Yvonite  (*)NoneCu(AsO3OH)·2H2O5415191869194
Zharchikhite  (*)NoneAl(OH)2F5415191869194
Zincgartrellite  (*)NonePbZn2(AsO4)2(H2O,OH)25415191869191
Zincolivenite  (*)AndalusiteCuZn(AsO4)(OH)54151918691960
Zincrosasite  (*)Malachite(Zn,Cu)2(CO3)(OH)254151918691928
Zincroselite  (*)RoseliteCa2Zn(AsO4)2·2H2O5415191869192
Zircon  (*)ZirconZr(SiO4)5415191869195251


4 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel IDMax Age (Ma)Min Age (Ma)Age as listed in referenceDating MethodAge InterpretPrioritized?Sample SourceSample NumRun NumAge from other LocalityDated MineralMinerals explicitely stated as having this ageAge applies to these ElementsMinDat Locality IDDated Locality (Max Age)Location as listed in referenceReferenceReference DOIReference IDAge Notes
CGSN10_99-Tsumeb600600   high      43981Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, NamibiaTsumeb MineDeane (1995) CGSN10_99best estimate for mineralization age
Hg-00024541519 Pb-Pb, Re-Os     Cinnabar, Eugenite, Metacinnabar, PerrouditeHg2428Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibia Kamona et al. (1999); Haest & Muchez (2010)   
Mo-00038541519 Pb-Pb, Re-Os molybdenite   MolybdeniteBetpakdalite-CaCa, Molybdenite, Molybdofornacite, Powellite, Wulfenite, Biehlite, Maikainite, Betpakdalite-CaMgMo2428Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, NamibiaTsumeb MineKamona et al. (1999); Haest & Muchez (2010)   
sedznpb-00343541519530±11        2428Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, NamibiaTsumebSinger et al. (2009) USGSOFR2009-1252 

SampleSource LocalityReference URL
R100192Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R100192
R080011Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R080011
R100176Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R100176
R090039Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R090039
R080021Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R080021
R120054Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R120054
R120104Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R120104
R100224Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R100224
R120043Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R120043
R090024Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R090024
R110136Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R110136
R090038Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R090038
R141206Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R141206
R120117Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R120117
R120113Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R120113
R110041Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R110041
R090012Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R090012
R120089Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R120089
R120090Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R120090
R100125Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R100125
R140430Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R140430
R110033Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R110033
R110036Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R110036
R050583Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050583
R070060Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R070060
R070233Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R070233
R150127Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R150127
R050677Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050677
R060047Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R060047
R050532Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050532
R150128Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R150128
R050521Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050521
R050428Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050428
R050433Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050433
R150130Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R150130
R050215Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050215
R060081Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R060081
R080007Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R080007
R050584Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050584
R070463Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R070463
R080031Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R080031
R040160Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R040160
R050408Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050408
R070629Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R070629
R050497Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050497
R070114Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R070114
R050670Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050670
R060242Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R060242
R070189Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R070189
R070190Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R070190
R050174Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050174
R060258Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R060258
R130015Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R130015
R050010Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050010
R050517Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050517
R060209Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R060209
R060937Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R060937
R050439Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050439
R060274Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R060274
R060380Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R060380
R050585Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050585
R060593Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R060593
R040011Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R040011
R050531Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050531
R050527Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R050527
R130731Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R130731
R060920Tsumeb Mine (Tsumcorp Mine), Tsumeb, Oshikoto Region, Namibiahttps://rruff.info/R060920

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...

Other copyright data...