Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Black Rock Mine, Black Rock, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2400
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1010

mindat Locality ID: 3065
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-3065.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Black Rock Mine, Black Rock, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa": 0
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 0

Latitude: 27°7'59"S
Longitude: 22°49'59"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -27.133055555556,22.833055555556

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Amorphous	Baryte	Bixbyite	Braunite	Brucite	Calcite	Coronadite	Corundum	Garnet	Gypsum
None	Post-spinel	Pyroxene	Quartz	Rutile

Aegirine ()*	Andradite ()*	Banalsite ()*	Baryte ()*	Bixbyite ()*
Braunite ()*	Calcite ()*	Celestine ()*	Cryptomelane ()*	Cymrite ()*
Gypsum ()*	Hematite ()*	Inesite ()*	Lithiophorite ()*	Manganite ()*
Marokite ()*	Opal ()*	Portlandite ()*	Pyrolusite ()*	Quartz ()*
Rhodochrosite ()*	Xonotlite ()*

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al Ba C Ca Fe H K Li Mn Na O S Si Sr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al Ba C Ca Fe H K Li Mn Na O S Si Sr

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Amorphous Baryte Bixbyite Braunite Brucite Calcite Coronadite Corundum Garnet Gypsum
None Post-spinel Pyroxene Quartz Rutile

22 IMA Minerals at location:

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of localities containing mineral
Aegirine ()*	Pyroxene	NaFe³⁺Si₂O₆	2400	1010	1022
Andradite ()*	Garnet	Ca₃Fe³⁺₂(SiO₄)₃	2400	1010	1534
Banalsite ()*	None	Na₂BaAl₄Si₄O₁₆	2400	1010	22
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	2400	1010	11547
Bixbyite ()*	Bixbyite	Mn³⁺₂O₃	2400	1042.2	104
Braunite ()*	Braunite	Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₆O₈(SiO₄)	2400	1042.2	483
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	2400	1010	27770
Celestine ()*	Baryte	Sr(SO₄)	2400	1010	1252
Cryptomelane ()*	Coronadite	K(Mn⁴⁺₇Mn³⁺)O₁₆	2400	1042.2	599
Cymrite ()*	None	Ba(Si,Al)₄(O,OH)₈·H₂O	2400	1010	46
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	2400	1010	6890
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	2400	1010	14640
Inesite ()*	None	Ca₂Mn²⁺₇Si₁₀O₂₈(OH)₂·5H₂O	2400	1042.2	50
Lithiophorite ()*	None	(Al,Li)(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)O₂(OH)₂	2400	1042.2	210
Manganite ()*	Rutile	Mn³⁺O(OH)	2400	1042.2	770
Marokite ()*	Post-spinel	CaMn³⁺₂O₄	2400	1042.2	8
Opal ()*	Amorphous	SiO₂·nH₂O	2400	1010	2994
Portlandite ()*	Brucite	Ca(OH)₂	2400	1010	51
Pyrolusite ()*	Rutile	MnO₂	2400	1042.2	3106
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	2400	1010	61156
Rhodochrosite ()*	Calcite	Mn(CO₃)	2400	1042.2	1711
Xonotlite ()*	None	Ca₆Si₆O₁₇(OH)₂	2400	1010	109

Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:

Age ID	Locality Notes
Scott-AM88_189-0001	mine

4 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Sample Source	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
Scott-EPSL298_125-0001	2400	2200	2400-2200	Fe isotope	age of deposition		Yes			Mn	54254	Adams Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa	Adams Mine	Tsikos et Al. (2010)	10.1016/j.epsl.2010.07.032	EPSL298_125	Within age bracket for the deposition of the Hotazel sediments
Grew_Li_2019_0050	1010	1010	1010				Yes		Lavinskyite		3071	Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa	Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa (type)	Cairncross and Beukes (2013)		BOOK_KMF_2013
Grew_Li_2019_0103	1010	1010	1010				Yes		Sugilite		3071	Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa	Wessels and N'Chwaning mines, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa	Gnos et al. (2003); Cairncross and Beukes (2013)
Scott-AM88_189-0001	1054	1042.2	1048.1±5.9	Ar-Ar	Age of mineral crystallization	sugilite	Yes	Sugilite		Mn	3071	Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa	Wessels Mine ( Wessel's Mine)	Gnos et al. (2003)	10.2138/am-2003-0122	AM88_189

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...