Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Mamatwan Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa

Oldest recorded age at locality: 2400
Youngest recorded age at locality: 1010

mindat Locality ID: 11063
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-11063.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Mamatwan Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa": 0
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 0

Latitude: 27°22'35"S
Longitude: 22°58'52"E
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -27.376388888889,22.981111111111

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Baryte	Bixbyite	Braunite	Calcite	Chalcopyrite	Chlorite	Clay	Coronadite	Corundum	Diaspore
Malachite	Marcasite	None	Not in a structural group	Pyrite	Quartz	Rutile	Smectite-vermiculite	Spinel	Talc
Tridymite

Ankerite ()*	Azurite ()*	Baryte ()*	Bixbyite ()*	Bornite ()*
Braunite ()*	Calcite ()*	Chalcocite ()*	Chalcopyrite ()*	Clinochlore ()*
Cryptomelane ()*	Dolomite ()*	Goethite ()*	Hausmannite ()*	Hematite ()*
Jacobsite ()*	Kutnohorite ()*	Lithiophorite ()*	Malachite ()*	Manganite ()*
Manjiroite ()*	Marcasite ()*	Nontronite ()*	Pyrite ()*	Pyrolusite ()*
Quartz ()*	Rhodochrosite ()*	Romanèchite ()*	Talc ()*	Todorokite ()*
Tridymite ()*

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Al Ba C Ca Cu Fe H K Li Mg Mn Na O S Si Sr

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Al Ba C Ca Cu Fe H K Li Mg Mn Na O S Si Sr

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Baryte Bixbyite Braunite Calcite Chalcopyrite Chlorite Clay Coronadite Corundum Diaspore
Malachite Marcasite None Not in a structural group Pyrite Quartz Rutile Smectite-vermiculite Spinel Talc
Tridymite

31 IMA Minerals at location:

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of localities containing mineral
Ankerite ()*	None	Ca(Fe²⁺,Mg)(CO₃)₂	2400	1010	3092
Azurite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu₃(CO₃)₂(OH)₂	2400	1010	5509
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	2400	1010	11547
Bixbyite ()*	Bixbyite	Mn³⁺₂O₃	2400	1042.2	104
Bornite ()*	None	Cu₅FeS₄	2400	1010	5516
Braunite ()*	Braunite	Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₆O₈(SiO₄)	2400	1042.2	483
Calcite ()*	Calcite	Ca(CO₃)	2400	1010	27770
Chalcocite ()*	None	Cu₂S	2400	1010	5707
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	2400	1010	27198
Clinochlore ()*	Chlorite Clay	Mg₅Al(AlSi₃O₁₀)(OH)₈	2400	1010	1756
Cryptomelane ()*	Coronadite	K(Mn⁴⁺₇Mn³⁺)O₁₆	2400	1042.2	599
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	2400	1010	9895
Goethite ()*	Diaspore	FeO(OH)	2400	1010	7437
Hausmannite ()*	Spinel	Mn²⁺Mn³⁺₂O₄	2400	1042.2	350
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	2400	1010	14640
Jacobsite ()*	Spinel	Mn²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	2400	1042.2	172
Kutnohorite ()*	None	CaMn²⁺(CO₃)₂	2400	1042.2	234
Lithiophorite ()*	None	(Al,Li)(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)O₂(OH)₂	2400	1042.2	210
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	2400	1010	12537
Manganite ()*	Rutile	Mn³⁺O(OH)	2400	1042.2	770
Manjiroite ()*	Coronadite	Na(Mn⁴⁺₇Mn³⁺)O₁₆	2400	1042.2	22
Marcasite ()*	Marcasite	FeS₂	2400	1010	5674
Nontronite ()*	Clay Smectite-vermiculite	Na_0.3Fe³⁺₂(Si,Al)₄O₁₀(OH)₂·nH₂O	2400	1010	471
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	2400	1010	39462
Pyrolusite ()*	Rutile	MnO₂	2400	1042.2	3106
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	2400	1010	61156
Rhodochrosite ()*	Calcite	Mn(CO₃)	2400	1042.2	1711
Romanèchite ()*	None	(Ba,H₂O)₂(Mn⁴⁺,Mn³⁺)₅O₁₀	2400	1042.2	312
Talc ()*	Clay Talc	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂	2400	1010	3337
Todorokite ()*	None	(Na,Ca,K,Ba,Sr)_1-x(Mn,Mg,Al)₆O₁₂·3-4H₂O	2400	1042.2	433
Tridymite ()*	Tridymite	SiO₂	2400	1010	458

Locality Notes from all Ages at Locality:

Age ID	Locality Notes
Scott-AM88_189-0001	mine

4 Ages assigned to this locality:

Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Sample Source	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
Scott-EPSL298_125-0001	2400	2200	2400-2200	Fe isotope	age of deposition		Yes			Mn	54254	Adams Mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa	Adams Mine	Tsikos et Al. (2010)	10.1016/j.epsl.2010.07.032	EPSL298_125	Within age bracket for the deposition of the Hotazel sediments
Grew_Li_2019_0050	1010	1010	1010				Yes		Lavinskyite		3071	Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa	Wessels mine, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa (type)	Cairncross and Beukes (2013)		BOOK_KMF_2013
Grew_Li_2019_0103	1010	1010	1010				Yes		Sugilite		3071	Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa	Wessels and N'Chwaning mines, Kalahari manganese field, South Africa	Gnos et al. (2003); Cairncross and Beukes (2013)
Scott-AM88_189-0001	1054	1042.2	1048.1±5.9	Ar-Ar	Age of mineral crystallization	sugilite	Yes	Sugilite		Mn	3071	Wessels Mine, Hotazel, Kalahari Manganese Field, Northern Cape, South Africa	Wessels Mine ( Wessel's Mine)	Gnos et al. (2003)	10.2138/am-2003-0122	AM88_189

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...