Mineral Evolution Database

Created and maintained by the Mineral Evolution Project in partnership with RRUFF and mindat.

Mineral locality data provided by mindat.org

The Mineral Evolution database is currently under development.

The goal of this page is to present localities at which the mineral is found, and estimates of the oldest possible geologic age of the minerals at these localities.

Locality Name:
Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile

Oldest recorded age at locality: 64
Youngest recorded age at locality: 63

mindat Locality ID: 653
mindat URL: http://www.mindat.org/loc-653.html

Tectonic Settings:

Total number of sublocalities beneath "Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile": 13
Total number of bottom-level sublocalities: 13

Number of Child Localities: 13
Child Localities:
Asunción Mine
Beatriz Mine
Casucha Mine
Generosa Mine
Herminia Mine
La Poderosa Mine
Los Bayos Mine
Los Tres Presidentes Mine
Margarita Mine
San Francisco Mine (Beatrix Mine)
Santa Ana Mine
Santa Catalina Mine
Unión Minera Mine

Latitude: 22°55'4"S
Longitude: 69°12'23"W
Decimal Degree (lat, lon): -22.917777777778,-69.206388888889

A	This mineral is Anthropogenic.
G	This mineral is directly dated.
B	This mineral is reported as having this age.
Y	This mineral is using an age reported as an element mineralization period.
O	This mineral is using an age calculated from all data at the locality.
R	The age displayed for this mineral originates from a different, non-child locality.
P	The age displayed for this mineral is the range of ages for this mineral at all of this locality's children.
	This mineral's age has not yet been recorded.

Allophane	Alunite	Amarantite	Amorphous	Apatite	Aragonite	Atacamite	Baryte	Blödite	Chalcopyrite
Clinozoisite	Copper	Coronadite	Corundum	Covellite	Descloizite	Epidote	Gypsum	Hilgardite	Iranite
Kieserite	Ktenasite	Malachite	Matlockite	Monazite	None	Not in a structural group	Perovskite	Phenakite	Pyrite
Pyrochlore	Quartz	Rhabdophane	Rocksalt	Roselite	Scheelite	Sphalerite	Spinel	Sulphur	Turquoise
Wurtzite

This Mineral list contains entries from this locality, including sub-localities. Minerals in bold are reported by mindat.org as occurring directly at this locality, and do not occur at any children (sublocalities) of this locality.

Elements at this locality, including sub-localities: Ag Al As Au B Ba C Ca Cl Cr Cu F Fe H I K Mg Mn Mo Na O P Pb S Sb Si V Zn

Elements from minerals reported directly at this locality: Fe H Na O S

Structural Groups for minerals in this locality:
Allophane Alunite Amarantite Amorphous Apatite Aragonite Atacamite Baryte Blödite Chalcopyrite
Clinozoisite Copper Coronadite Corundum Covellite Descloizite Epidote Gypsum Hilgardite Iranite
Kieserite Ktenasite Malachite Matlockite Monazite None Not in a structural group Perovskite Phenakite Pyrite
Pyrochlore Quartz Rhabdophane Rocksalt Roselite Scheelite Sphalerite Spinel Sulphur Turquoise
Wurtzite

71 IMA Minerals at location:

Alunite ()*	Amarantite ()*	Anglesite ()*	Anhydrite ()*	Antlerite ()*
Atacamite ()*	Baryte ()*	Bassanite ()*	Beaverite-(Cu) ()*	Beaverite-(Zn) ()*
Bindheimite ()*	Boleite ()*	Caracolite ()*	Cerussite ()*	Cesanite ()*
Chalcopyrite ()*	Challacolloite ()*	Changoite ()*	Chlorargyrite ()*	Christelite ()*
Chrysocolla ()*	Clinoatacamite ()*	Coronadite ()*	Cotunnite ()*	Covellite ()*
Crocoite ()*	Diaboleite ()*	Dioptase ()*	Dolomite ()*	Epidote ()*
Galena ()*	Gold ()*	Gordaite ()*	Gunningite ()*	Gypsum ()*
Hematite ()*	Hemimorphite ()*	Herbertsmithite ()*	Hetaerolite ()*	Iodargyrite ()*
Iranite ()*	Jarosite ()*	Kröhnkite ()*	Leucostaurite ()*	Lindgrenite ()*
Magnetite ()*	Malachite ()*	Matlockite ()*	Metasideronatrite ()*	Mimetite ()*
Mottramite ()*	Opal ()*	Osarizawaite ()*	Paralaurionite ()*	Paratacamite ()*
Penfieldite ()*	Phoenicochroite ()*	Plumbojarosite ()*	Pseudoboleite ()*	Pyrite ()*
Quartz ()*	Sampleite ()*	Santanaite ()*	Schwartzembergite ()*	Seeligerite ()*
Sphalerite ()*	Sulphur ()*	Thénardite ()*	Turquoise ()*	Willemite ()*
Wulfenite ()*

Mineral name	Structural Groups	IMA Formula	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	# of Sublocalities containing mineral	LOCALITY IDs, not mindat ids	# of localities containing mineral
Alunite ()*	None	KAl₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	64	63	1	35660	966
Amarantite ()*	Amarantite	Fe³⁺₂O(SO₄)₂·7H₂O	64	63	0		22
Anglesite ()*	Baryte	Pb(SO₄)	64	63	2	35650,35658	2734
Anhydrite ()*	Not in a structural group	Ca(SO₄)	64	63	2	35653,35658	1588
Antlerite ()*	Not in a structural group	Cu²⁺₃(SO₄)(OH)₄	64	63	1	35660	246
Atacamite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₂Cl(OH)₃	64	63	4	35652,35653,35658,35660	544
Baryte ()*	Baryte	Ba(SO₄)	64	63	1	35658	11547
Bassanite ()*	Rhabdophane	Ca(SO₄)·0.5H₂O	64	63	1	35658	82
Beaverite-(Cu) ()*	Alunite	Pb(Fe³⁺₂Cu)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	64	63	2	35653,35658	132
Beaverite-(Zn) ()*	None	Pb(Fe³⁺₂Zn)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	64	63	1	35658	4
Bindheimite ()*	Pyrochlore	Pb₂Sb⁵⁺₂O₇	64	63	2	35649,35650	450
Boleite ()*	None	KAg₉Pb₂₆Cu₂₄Cl₆₂(OH)₄₈	64	63	7	35649,35650,35651,35653,35657,35658,35661	65
Caracolite ()*	Apatite	Na₂(Pb₂Na)(SO₄)₃Cl	64	63	7	35649,35650,35652,35653,35657,35658,35659	20
Cerussite ()*	Aragonite	Pb(CO₃)	64	63	1	35658	4979
Cesanite ()*	Apatite	Ca₂Na₃(SO₄)₃OH	64	63	1	35649	3
Chalcopyrite ()*	Chalcopyrite	CuFeS₂	64	63	1	35658	27198
Challacolloite ()*	None	KPb₂Cl₅	64	63	1	35649	7
Changoite ()*	Blödite	Na₂Zn(SO₄)₂·4H₂O	64	63	1	35658	6
Chlorargyrite ()*	Rocksalt	AgCl	64	63	1	35658	1382
Christelite ()*	Ktenasite	Zn₃Cu₂(SO₄)₂(OH)₆·4H₂O	64	63	1	35658	5
Chrysocolla ()*	Allophane	(Cu_2-xAl_x)H_2-xSi₂O₅(OH)₄·nH₂O	64	63	1	35658	3531
Clinoatacamite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₂Cl(OH)₃	64	63	1	35660	43
Coronadite ()*	Coronadite	Pb(Mn⁴⁺₆Mn³⁺₂)O₁₆	64	63	1	35658	227
Cotunnite ()*	None	PbCl₂	64	63	1	35657	54
Covellite ()*	Covellite	CuS	64	63	1	35658	4165
Crocoite ()*	Monazite Baryte	Pb(CrO₄)	64	63	2	35658,35661	81
Diaboleite ()*	Perovskite	CuPb₂Cl₂(OH)₄	64	63	5	35651,35654,35657,35658,35661	57
Dioptase ()*	None	CuSiO₃·H₂O	64	63	1	35656	164
Dolomite ()*	None	CaMg(CO₃)₂	64	63	1	35658	9895
Epidote ()*	Epidote Clinozoisite	Ca₂(Al₂Fe³⁺)[Si₂O₇][SiO₄]O(OH)	64	63	1	35658	8173
Galena ()*	Rocksalt	PbS	64	63	6	35650,35652,35653,35657,35658,35661	24243
Gold ()*	Copper	Au	64	63	1	35658	30554
Gordaite ()*	Ktenasite	NaZn₄(SO₄)(OH)₆Cl·6H₂O	64	63	1	35658	17
Gunningite ()*	Kieserite	Zn(SO₄)·H₂O	64	63	1	35658	48
Gypsum ()*	Gypsum	Ca(SO₄)·2H₂O	64	63	5	35649,35656,35657,35658,35660	6890
Hematite ()*	Corundum	Fe₂O₃	64	63	1	35661	14640
Hemimorphite ()*	Not in a structural group	Zn₄(Si₂O₇)(OH)₂·H₂O	64	63	3	35654,35657,35658	1689
Herbertsmithite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₃Zn(OH)₆Cl₂	64	63	4	35653,35654,35656,35658	21
Hetaerolite ()*	Spinel	ZnMn³⁺₂O₄	64	63	1	35658	73
Iodargyrite ()*	Wurtzite	AgI	64	63	1	35658	180
Iranite ()*	Iranite	CuPb₁₀(CrO₄)₆(SiO₄)₂(OH)₂	64	63	1	35661	11
Jarosite ()*	Alunite	KFe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	64	63	2	35655,35658	2228
Kröhnkite ()*	Roselite	Na₂Cu(SO₄)₂·2H₂O	64	63	1	35658	27
Leucostaurite ()*	Hilgardite	Pb₂[B₅O₉]Cl·0.5H₂O	64	63	1	35649	2
Lindgrenite ()*	None	Cu₃(Mo⁶⁺O₄)₂(OH)₂	64	63	1	35660	21
Magnetite ()*	Spinel	Fe²⁺Fe³⁺₂O₄	64	63	1	35658	14899
Malachite ()*	Malachite	Cu₂(CO₃)(OH)₂	64	63	1	35658	12537
Matlockite ()*	Matlockite	PbClF	64	63	1	35650	29
Metasideronatrite ()*	None	Na₂Fe³⁺(SO₄)₂(OH)·H₂O	64	63	0		28
Mimetite ()*	Apatite	Pb₅(AsO₄)₃Cl	64	63	2	35654,35659	1107
Mottramite ()*	Descloizite	PbCu(VO₄)(OH)	64	63	1	35660	362
Opal ()*	Amorphous	SiO₂·nH₂O	64	63	1	35656	2994
Osarizawaite ()*	Alunite	Pb(Al₂Cu²⁺)(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	64	63	1	35653	64
Paralaurionite ()*	None	PbCl(OH)	64	63	3	35649,35657,35658	46
Paratacamite ()*	Atacamite	Cu₃(Cu,Zn)Cl₂(OH)₆	64	63	3	35652,35653,35658	158
Penfieldite ()*	None	Pb₂Cl₃(OH)	64	63	2	35649,35657	22
Phoenicochroite ()*	None	Pb₂O(CrO₄)	64	63	2	35658,35661	35
Plumbojarosite ()*	Alunite	Pb_0.5Fe³⁺₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆	64	63	1	35658	477
Pseudoboleite ()*	None	Pb₃₁Cu₂₄Cl₆₂(OH)₄₈	64	63	4	35650,35654,35657,35660	33
Pyrite ()*	Pyrite	FeS₂	64	63	1	35658	39462
Quartz ()*	Quartz	SiO₂	64	63	5	35652,35653,35654,35658,35661	61156
Sampleite ()*	None	NaCaCu₅(PO₄)₄Cl·5H₂O	64	63	1	35660	40
Santanaite ()*	None	Pb₁₁CrO₁₆	64	63	1	35659	1
Schwartzembergite ()*	None	Pb²⁺₅H₂I³⁺O₆Cl₃	64	63	7	35649,35652,35653,35654,35658,35659,35661	21
Seeligerite ()*	None	Pb₃(IO₄)Cl₃	64	63	6	35649,35651,35654,35657,35658,35659	12
Sphalerite ()*	Sphalerite	ZnS	64	63	1	35658	21482
Sulphur ()*	Sulphur	S	64	63	1	35658	2045
Thénardite ()*	None	Na₂(SO₄)	64	63	1	35658	299
Turquoise ()*	Turquoise	CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O	64	63	1	35660	484
Willemite ()*	Phenakite	Zn₂SiO₄	64	63	1	35657	303
Wulfenite ()*	Scheelite	PbMoO₄	64	63	4	35654,35658,35659,35661	1655

1 Ages assigned to this locality:

	Excel ID	Max Age (Ma)	Min Age (Ma)	Age as listed in reference	Dating Method	Age Interpret	Prioritized?	Sample Source	Sample Num	Run Num	Age from other Locality	Dated Mineral	Minerals explicitely stated as having this age	Age applies to these Elements	MinDat Locality ID	Dated Locality (Max Age)	Location as listed in reference	Reference	Reference DOI	Reference ID	Age Notes
	PorphCu-00004	64	63	64–63							Yes		Antlerite, Atacamite, Brochantite, Chalcanthite, Chalcopyrite, Jarosite, Magnetite, Malachite, Pyrite	Cu	672	Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile	Sierra Gorda	Singer et al. (2008)		USGSOFR2008_1155

Sample	Source Locality	Reference URL
R050159	La Poderosa Mine, Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile	https://rruff.info/R050159
R050163	Margarita Mine, Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile	https://rruff.info/R050163
R050162	Margarita Mine, Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile	https://rruff.info/R050162
R060792	San Francisco Mine (Beatrix Mine), Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile	https://rruff.info/R060792
R100059	San Francisco Mine (Beatrix Mine), Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile	https://rruff.info/R100059
R060387	San Francisco Mine (Beatrix Mine), Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile	https://rruff.info/R060387
R070099	San Francisco Mine (Beatrix Mine), Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile	https://rruff.info/R070099
R060714	San Francisco Mine (Beatrix Mine), Caracoles, Sierra Gorda District, Antofagasta Province, Antofagasta, Chile	https://rruff.info/R060714

All locality data graciously provided by mindat.org

All age data...